HuaZhong Machinery
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Views: 9 Author: Huazhong Machinery Publish Time: 2021-07-22 Origin: HuaZhong machinery
Last time we have introduced the grain depot in order to safely store grain, before the grain into the warehouse, to do safety inspection, insecticide-killing, installation of ventilation cage and temperature measuring cable; During grain warehousing,should use professional equipment to detect grain moisture,amount of impurity, imperfection rate, pesticide residual rate, etc., according to different levels, respectively stored in different warehouses; After filling the grain, the walkway plate should be installed and the grain condition measurement and control system should be arranged. During the whole process of grain storage, environmental inspection shall be carried out, and effective measures shall be taken to prevent and control rodent and birds.
Today HuaZhong Machinery want to share with you the relevant knowledge of grain condition detection and storage temperature and humidity control.
The person in charge of the warehouse management department of the grain depot shall conduct a comprehensive inspection of the grain situation every week, make a good record, form a grain situation report every half a month and report it to the person in charge of the grain depot in time.
The vice president of the grain depot shall conduct a comprehensive inspection of the grain condition every month, form a grain condition analysis report, and report it to the main person in charge of the grain depot in time.
The main person in charge of the grain depot shall conduct a comprehensive inspection or key spot check on the grain situation every quarter, hold a summary and analysis meeting on the grain situation, form a report on the safe storage of grain in the grain depot and report it in time according to the provisions.
If problems and hidden dangers of safe grain storage are discovered, corresponding measures shall be taken in time and supervision shall be given level by level.
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Before entering the warehouse, personnel should confirm the safety, especially the safety of gas concentration before entering the warehouse. After entering the warehouse, check the color and odor of grain; Observe whether there are cocoon nets, rats and finches in the storehouse; Check the temperature and humidity of warehouse and grain; Check whether the grain pile has condensation, hardening, heating, mildew and other phenomena. Samples can be taken from grain depots for detection of grain mold spores. For the grain pile without computerized temperature measurement, or the blind area of computerized temperature measurement, the abnormal point of grain temperature, the failure point of the system, or the parts prone to problems, manual detection and inspection shall be carried out and the detection results shall be recorded.
According to the situation of checking the grain condition when the personnel enter the warehouse, the grain moisture rapid detector (device) or sampling should be used to detect the grain moisture in the problem part and further analyze the grain situation risk.
Samples were taken according to GB/T 29890 method, insect pests were screened, insect species were identified, the density of insect-containing grain was calculated, and the quality grade of insect-containing grain was determined.
If the temperature is measured by computer, the sensor arrangement should be standard, and the system works normally. "Three temperature and two humidity" should be detected. The detection period of grain temperature is shown in Table 1. The test results should be recorded in the grain condition (grain temperature) report and reserved for at least one storage cycle.
"Three temperature and three humidity" is three temperature (grain temperature, warehouse temperature, air temperature), two humidity (The relative humidity of the atmosphere inside and outside the warehouse)
| Storage conditions | Detection period (grain temperature below 15℃) | Detection period (grain temperature higher than 15℃) |
| Safe moisture grain、Basically insect-free grain | At least one test within 15 days | At least one test in 7 days |
| Semi-safe moisture grain、General insect grain | At least one test in 10 days | At least one test in 5 days |
| Dangerous moisture grain | At least one test in 5 days | Test at least once a day |
| Within 3 months after the dangerous insect grain is processed | At least one test in 7 days | |
| Within 3 months after the newly harvested grain is put into the warehouse | Appropriately increase the number of tests | |
what is safe moisture grain and semi moisture grain:Under the safe water content, corn, wheat, etc., less than 13% is safe food, 13 to 15% is semi-safe food, and more than 15 is dangerous food；Less than 14% of rice is safe, 14 to 16 is semi-safe, and more than 16 is dangerous.
| Table 1 Insect food grade standard | ||
| Insect grain grade | Pest density | Major pests |
| Basically insect-free grain | No more than 5 heads/kg | No more than 2 heads/kg |
| General insect grain | No more than 30 heads/kg | No more than 10 heads/kg |
| Severe insect grain | More than 30 heads/kg | More than 10 heads/kg |
| Dangerous insect grain | Pests with prohibited entry | |
| Major pests refer to corn weevil, rice weevil, grain beetle, big grain thief, mung bean weevil, coffee bean weevil, wheat moth and Indian grain moth | ||
Newly loaded grain should be uniformly ventilated with a unit ventilation of 6-12m3/h·t, and the grain pile should be penetrated. When the temperature gradient of the grain pile is ≤1℃/m, the temperature difference between the upper layer and the bottom layer of the flat grain warehouse should be ≤3℃. , When the temperature difference between the upper layer and the bottom layer of the grain pile of silo is ≤10℃, the grain temperature is considered to be uniform.
Intelligent grain turning-over machine
Exhaust heat through natural ventilation or turn on the exhaust fan at the right time,achieve lowering of warehouse temperature and surface grain temperature.During the heat removal period, do a good job of preventing insects on doors, windows and exhaust fan openings.
Mobile centrifugal fan
When the conditions for allowing ventilation and cooling are met, mechanical ventilation measures such as vertical or horizontal ventilation should be adopted to reduce the grain temperature in autumn and winter. Ventilation judgment conditions are implemented in accordance with the Chinese LS/T 1202 standard. Natural ventilation can be adopted in northern areas, and low temperature environmental conditions can be used to slowly lower the temperature of grains.
Mechanical ventilation system
After ventilation in winter, the granary should be airtight and insulated in spring, and the grain surface can be covered if possible to keep the temperature of the grain pile at a low temperature.
In summer, the temperature of the granary and the temperature of the grain on the surface of the grain pile should be controlled. In the Northeast, North China, and Northwest regions, the lower temperature inside the grain pile is used in summer to reduce the higher grain temperature on the surface and side walls of the grain pile through circulation ventilation. In other areas, air conditioners or valley coolers can be used to control the temperature with artificial cold sources.
Ventilation duct
In the transitional season between spring and summer, the warehouse or grain pile should be sealed and insulated to prevent hot air from entering the warehouse or grain pile, and prevent condensation on the surface of the grain pile and other parts that are susceptible to external influences.
The transitional season between autumn and winter should be ventilated in time with the decrease of external temperature, gradually lower the temperature of the warehouse and grain, and reduce the temperature difference; when necessary, the film should be uncovered in the grain pile sealed with a film to prevent condensation.
The above is the knowledge about grain condition inspection and testing, and the humidity temperature control of stored grains shared by the HuaZhong Machinery today. In the next article, the HuaZhong Machinery will share with you the knowledge of insect and mold control and simple warehouse storage of grain, so stay tuned!The above is the knowledge about grain condition inspection and testing, and the humidity temperature control of stored grains shared by the editor today. In the next article, the editor will share with you the knowledge of insect mold control and simple grain storage, so please stay tuned!
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